{"id":85,"date":"2022-09-10T17:41:38","date_gmt":"2022-09-10T09:41:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bjstar-hd.com\/?p=85"},"modified":"2022-09-10T20:39:42","modified_gmt":"2022-09-10T12:39:42","slug":"%e6%b6%b2%e5%8e%8b%e4%bc%a0%e5%8a%a8%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.bjstar-hd.com\/archives\/85","title":{"rendered":"\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u77e5\u8bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u548c\u6c14\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f53\u4f20\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u6839\u636e17\u4e16\u7eaa\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u9759\u538b\u529b\u4f20\u52a8\u539f\u7406\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u5174\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u662f\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6d41\u4f53\u4f20\u52a8\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     1795\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5e03\u62c9\u66fc(Joseph Braman,1749-1814)\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7528\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28,\u4ee5\u6c34\u538b\u673a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a,\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u6c34\u538b\u673a\u30021905\u5e74\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28\u6c34\u6539\u4e3a\u6cb9,\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218(1914-1918)\u540e\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528,\u7279\u522b\u662f1920\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e,\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u4e3a\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u6db2\u538b\u5143\u4ef6\u5927\u7ea6\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u768420\u5e74\u95f4,\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u9636\u6bb5\u30021925 \u5e74\u7ef4\u514b\u65af(F.Vikers)\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u538b\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u5f0f\u53f6\u7247\u6cf5,\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6db2\u538b\u5143\u4ef6\u5de5\u4e1a\u6216\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8 \u7684\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u300220 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5eb7\u65af\u5766\u4e01\u00b7\u5c3c\u65af\u514b(G\u00b7Constantimsco)\u5bf9\u80fd\u91cf\u6ce2\u52a8\u4f20\u9012\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u7814\u7a76;1910\u5e74\u5bf9\u6db2\u529b\u4f20\u52a8(\u6db2\u529b\u8054\u8f74\u8282\u3001\u6db2\u529b\u53d8\u77e9\u5668\u7b49)\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218(1941-1945)\u671f\u95f4,\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u673a\u5e8a\u4e2d\u670930%\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u51fa,\u65e5\u672c\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u6b27\u7f8e\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u665a\u4e86\u8fd1 20 \u591a\u5e74\u3002\u5728 1955 \u5e74\u524d\u540e , \u65e5\u672c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8,1956 \u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6db2\u538b\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u8fd120~30 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u5feb\uff0c\u5c4a\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u822c\u5de5\u3002\u4e1a\u7528\u7684\u5851\u6599\u52a0\u5de5\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u538b\u529b\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u673a\u5e8a\u7b49\uff1b\u884c\u8d70\u673a\u68b0\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u7b49\uff1b\u94a2\u94c1\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u7684\u51b6\u91d1\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u8f67\u8f8a\u8c03\u6574\u88c5\u7f6e\u7b49\uff1b\u571f\u6728\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u7528\u7684\u9632\u6d2a\u95f8\u95e8\u53ca\u5824\u575d\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u6cb3\u5e8a\u5347\u964d\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u6865\u6881\u64cd\u7eb5\u673a\u6784\u7b49\uff1b\u53d1\u7535\u5382\u6da1\u8f6e\u673a\u8c03\u901f\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u6838\u53d1\u7535\u5382\u7b49\u56fd\uff1b\u8239\u8236\u7528\u7684\u7532\u677f\u8d77\u91cd\u673a\u68b0\uff08\u7ede\u8f66\uff09\u3001\u8239\u5934\u95e8\u3001\u8231\u58c1\u9600\u3001\u8239\u5c3e\u63a8\u8fdb\u5668\u7b49\uff1b\u7279\u6b8a\u6280\u672f\u7528\u7684\u5de8\u578b\u5929\u7ebf\u63a7\u5236\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u6d6e\u6807\u3001\u5347\u964d\u65cb\u8f6c\u821e\u53f0\u7b49\uff1b\u519b\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u7684\u706b\u70ae\u64cd\u7eb5\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u8239\u8236\u51cf\u6447\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u98de\u884c\u5668\u4eff\u771f\u3001\u98de\u673a\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u7684\u6536\u653e\u88c5\u7f6e\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u8235\u63a7\u5236\u88c5\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u5bc6\u95ed\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6709\u538b\u529b\u7684\u6cb9\u6db2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u77ff\u7269\u6cb9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u4f20\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u76ae\u5e26\u3001\u94fe\u6761\u548c\u9f7f\u8f6e\u7b49\u4f20\u52a8\u5143\u4ef6\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u5728\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6db2\u538b\u6cb9\u7f38\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u53c8\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406.
\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u6210 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u6db2\u538b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\uff1a\u52a8\u529b\u5143\u4ef6\uff08\u6cb9\u6cf5\uff09\u3001\u6267\u884c\u5143\u4ef6\uff08\u6cb9\u7f38\u6216\u6db2\u538b\u9a6c\u8fbe\uff09\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5143\u4ef6\uff08\u5404\u79cd\u9600\uff09\u3001\u8f85\u52a9\u5143\u4ef6\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28\u7b49\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u5143\u4ef6\uff08\u6cb9\u6cf5\uff09 \u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u628a\u6db2\u4f53\u5229\u7528\u539f\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6db2\u538b\u529b\u80fd\uff1b\u662f\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u6267\u884c\u5143\u4ef6\uff08\u6cb9\u7f38\u3001\u6db2\u538b\u9a6c\u8fbe\uff09 \u5b83\u662f\u5c06\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u6db2\u538b\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cb9\u7f38\u505a\u76f4\u7ebf\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u9a6c\u8fbe\u505a\u65cb\u8f6c\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5143\u4ef6  \u5305\u62ec\u538b\u529b\u9600\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u9600\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u9600\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u65e0\u7ea7\u8c03\u8282\u6db2\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6db2\u538b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u6d41\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8282\u63a7\u5236\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u3001\u8f85\u52a9\u5143\u4ef6  \u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u538b\u529b\u8868\u3001\u6ee4\u6cb9\u5668\u3001\u84c4\u80fd\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u51b7\u5374\u5668\u3001\u7ba1\u4ef6\u53ca\u6cb9\u7bb1\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28  \u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28\u662f\u6307\u5404\u7c7b\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u6db2\u538b\u6cb9\u6216\u4e73\u5316\u6db2\uff0c\u5b83\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6cb9\u6cf5\u548c\u6db2\u52a8\u673a\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u7684\u4f18\u70b9 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff09\u4f53\u79ef\u5c0f\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60ef\u6027\u529b\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5f53\u7a81\u7136\u8fc7\u8f7d\u6216\u505c\u8f66\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u80fd\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\u7275\u5f15\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u6781\u8c03\u901f\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff083\uff09\u6362\u5411\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7535\u673a\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u6784\u65cb\u8f6c\u548c\u76f4\u7ebf\u5f80\u590d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff084\uff09\u6db2\u538b\u6cf5\u548c\u6db2\u538b\u9a6c\u8fbe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u6cb9\u7ba1\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u7f6e\u4e0a\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff085\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u6cb9\u6db2\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u5143\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u8868\u9762\u95f4\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u6da6\u6ed1\uff0c\u78e8\u635f\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u957f\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff086\uff09\u64cd\u7eb5\u63a7\u5236\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff087\uff09\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u8f7d\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u6db2\u538b\u4f20\u52a8\u5bf9\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6cb9\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u6d01\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u5bf9\u6db2\u538b\u5143\u4ef6\u5236\u9020\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\uff0c\u5de5\u827a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff083\uff09\u6db2\u538b\u5143\u4ef6\u7ef4\u4fee\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff084\uff09\u7528\u6cb9\u505a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u706b\u707e\u9690\u60a3\uff1b  \uff085\uff09\u4f20\u52a8\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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